Glulam layup combinations. 3 DF beams, although the AYC beams are not as strong.

Glulam layup combinations. Glulam is available in both custom and stock sizes.

  • Glulam layup combinations 1 Structural Glued Laminated Timber. Solved Design a glulam beam that is adequate for the | Chegg. Lay-up requirements for combinations are tabulated in Annex B. WFP GL 3000 glulam manufactured with the 30F-E/DF3 layup combination is further designated as graded, the stress combination also includes a second set of designations. These layup combinations require that a Balanced and Unbalanced Beam Layups, Layup Combinations creating a symmetric layup. Glulam is available in a range of appearance classifications: framing, framing-L (LVL lams outermost surfaces), industrial, industrial-L (LVL lams outermost surfaces), architectural and premium. Kalesnikoff glulam products are used as beams, headers, rafters, purlins, and columns, and are manufactured in nominal widths up to 32-1/4 Glulam Column Design Values Layup Combination Allowable Flexural Stress about X-X Axis, Fbx (psi) Allowable Flexural Stress About Y-Y Axis, Fby (psi) Compression Parallel to Grain, Fc (psi) Modulus of Elasticity, E (106 psi) Specific Gravity for Dowel-Type Fasteners, SG 0. Apa builder tips: keep glulam looking its best with proper storage and. BOISE GLULAM and VersaWorks Glulam beams and columns are manufactured in accordance with ANSI A190. 2. grades are specified for glulam in various layup combinations that in turn establish specific design properties for the given member. Zip-Rim is a glulam rim board manufactured using a layup combination in accordance with ANSI 117 and ANSI Dec 1, 2024 · Glulam Design Properties And Layup Combinations Diagram (pdf. development of two 30F-2. Apa builder tips: keep glulam looking its best with proper storage and Glulam beam design example Glulam structure engineered feature main house Oct 14, 2024 · Glulam combination layup Timber structure wood building mass umass construction modern buildings architecture university innovation tech detail zipper amherst communities structural steel england Glulam beam span table. 2 Glulam guide architizer architectEngineered glulam structure feature main clerestory. Glulam structure defines pavilionGlulam engineered structure feature main house Wood times blog: unique glulam combination layupDesigning with glulam. Wood times blog: unique glulam combination layupGlulam beams making structure pt make geometry varying choose big board Glulam guide architizer architectGlulam sizes and shapes can help the tables in this supplement represent the full offering of apa ews layup combinations. Choosing glulam - Swedish Wood Jun 25, 2024 · Glulam layup combinations. In addition to the layup combinations tabulated in Tables 1 and 2, APA periodically evaluates the use of new layup combinations The glulam industry recently introduced the concept of specifying glulam based on a stress class system similar to that used for MSR lumber or SCL. (2019). This is a balanced layup and has equal strengths for positive and negative bending. 70 are common AC combinations that are similar to DF 24F-V4, 24F-V8, and Comb. Wood times blog: una-lam technical notes: curved glulam beams Sep 17, 2024 · Glulam combination layupGlulam engineered structure house feature main wall bracing cross factor upstairs ups really trendir Glulam layup combinationsHome with engineered glulam structure as main design feature. ) The number “4 Power Beam and Power Rated Glulam (PRG®) are southern pine structural glued laminated timber manufactured in accordance with ANSI A190. Previous title: Glulam Design Properties and Layup Combinations APA Y117-SUP Every combination specifies a layup of specific lamination types including wood species and grade. available species and grades results in Allowable stresses for glulam are numerous options for the producers to Since glulam is manufactured with kiln- determined in accordance with the prin- combine species and grades to create a dried lumber having a maximum moisture development of two 30F-2. This is done when it is desirable to use a lower strength species in the core of a glued laminated timber and a higher strength species in the outer zones. Table 1 tabulates the layup combinations based on species, whether the combina-tion is for a balanced or unbalanced THE TABLES IN THIS SUPPLEMENT REPRESENT THE FULL OFFERING OF APA EWS LAYUP COMBINATIONS. For a complete listing of available glulam layup combinations for both members primarily loaded axially or as bending members, refer to EWS Data File, Glulam Design Properties and Layup Combinations, Form Y117, or the Supplement to the 2005 National Design Specification (NDS) (available from the American Forest and Paper Association). 6 Mb Appearance Classifications Glued Laminated Timber Appearance Classifications for Construction Applications 4 Y110: 62 kb Camber Glulam Beam Camber 4 S550E: 62 kb Size Changes Dimensional Changes in Structural Oct 10, 2024 · Home with engineered glulam structure as main design featureWood times blog: unique glulam combination layup Glulam structure beam pt assemblyGlulam designing buildings wiki benefits contents. b) Mercer glulam beams and columns shall meet the dimensions specified in ANSI 117 and ANSI A190. IB MAX-CORE Glulam Beam layup combinations 24F-V3, 24F-V4, and 24F-V5M1 are manufactured in nominal widths ranging from 3-1/8 to 10-3/4 inches, depths ranging from 6-7/8 to 48-1/8 inches, and lengths up to 60 feet. c) Mercer glulam beams and columns listed in this report are produced at the Mercer. The production of structural glued laminated timber under this Specification shall be in accordance with ANSI A190. Glulam engineered structure house feature main wall bracing cross factor upstairs ups really trendir Glulam structural cad modelling employ trained cam provide solutions human resources order end top a) Mercer glulam beams and columns listed in this report shall be designed in accordance with the code using the design properties specified in this report. 4. c) Mercer glulam beams and columns listed in this report are produced at the Mercer May 17, 2024 · Configurations of the glulam. com Wood times blog: unique glulam combination layup Choosing glulam Glulam guide architizer architect Mar 26, 2024 · Wood Times Blog: Unique Glulam Combination Layup Choosing glulam. Timber structure wood building mass umass construction modern buildings architecture university innovation tech detail zipper amherst communities structural steel englandApa builder tips: keep glulam looking its best with proper storage and Glulam combination layupHome with engineered glulam structure as main design Aug 1, 2024 · Engineered glulam structure feature main clerestoryChoosing glulam Glulam beam chart(pdf) glulam design properties and layup combinationsharvest-timber. Different combinations are used for Douglas Fir beams and for Alaskan Cedar. 7 MPa (5040 psi) and mean appar‐ ent modulus of elasticity of 12400 MPa (1. 1 using 28F-E1, 28F-E2, 30F-E1, 30F-E1M6, 30F-E2, and 30F-E2M6 for the Power Beamlayup combinations, and 24F-V5M1/SP for the PRG layup combination recognized in the National Design Rosboro Treated Glulam is used as beams, headers, rafters, or purlins, and is manufactured with the 24F-V4/DF unbalanced layup combination in accordance with ANSI A190. Wood times blog: una-lam technical notes: curved glulam beams Wood times blog: unique glulam combination layup. com. 2 are referred to as Comb'n in the Sizer user interface, meaning the combination of lumber grades making up layups that comform to the stress grades. Beam Stress Grades . Mississippi Laminators glulam products are structural glued laminated timber manufactured with Southern pine laminations in accordance with ANSI A190. 5. cities and in Canada Tables S-1 and S-2 of Glulam Layup Combinations (form Y117-SUP) provide the grade requirements for the laminations used in manufacturing the beams listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. 70 are AYC beam combinations that are similar (respectively) to 24F-V4, 24F-V8, and Comb. Based on the candidate layup combinations, full-scale glulam beams for each layup combination will be manufactured under the supervision of APA EWS, and shipped to the APA Research Center in Tacoma, WA, for testing. This paper provides background information for the development of two 30F-2. See also APA Data Files: Glulam Design Specification and Glulam Layup Combinations, Forms Y117 SP glulam layup combinations have the same published stress class of 24F‐1. Glulam layup combinationsGlulam layup combinations (pdf) glulam design properties and layup combinationsharvest-timber. Notice the tension laminations at both the top and the bottom of the beam. The Douglas Fir 24F-V8 layup shown on the right is the best layup for this condition. APA specification, Glulam Design Properties and Layup Combinations, Form EWS Y117, provides design stresses for all glulam produced by APA members. 3, although the AC beams are not as strong. See also APA Data Files: Glulam Design Specification and Glulam Layup Combinations, Forms Y117 and Y117SUP, respectively. Power Preserved Glulam Beams are treated with Copper E2M3/SP, 30F-E/DF3, and 30F-E/DF4 balanced layup combination using laminated veneer lumber (LVL), as permitted by ANSI A190. Laminating Adhesives—Adhesives used in the manufacture of Power Preserved Glulam® Beams are used as beams, headers, rafters, or purlins, and are manufactured with 24F-V5M1/SP balanced layup combination in accordance with ANSI A190. Axis Orientation Glulam beams are typically installed with the wide face of the lamina-tions perpendicular to the applied load, as shown in Figure 1. Aug 1, 2008 · Provides information regarding glulam layup principles, allowable stresses, specification guidelines and design values. Glulam is available in both custom and stock sizes. They are provided as a guide to manufacturers who produce beams in these combinations. Power Beam and Power Rated Glulam (PRG®) are southern pine structural glued laminated timber manufactured in accordance with ANSI A190. CLT products are manufactured with grade characteristics specified in ANSI/APA PRG 320 and are available in a variety of sizes. Sep 15, 2024 · Glulam Design Properties And Layup Combinations Diagram (pdf. Typical stress classifications are in Table 9. The maximum depth of the layup combinations was limited to 457 mm (18 inches). product. Glulam allows the manufacturer to place wood species in the lay-up to the material’s best advantage in resisting applied stresses. 1E IJC glulam layup combinations, both of which are now commercially available in the United States. Design values for combinations are tabulated in Annex A. Such members use a graded lumber layup throughout the depth of the member and are more efficient for resist-ing high bending stresses. A V8 glulam can be designed for multiple-span conditions and cantilevers. (pdf) glulam design properties and layup combinationsharvest-timber. research approvals. In addition to the layup combinations tabulated in Tables 1 and 2, APA periodically evaluates the use of new layup combinations Oct 13, 2023 · Glulam products are manufactured with layup combinations documented in ANSI 117, or the in-plant manufacturing standard and approved by APA. In addition to the layup combinations tabulated in Tables 1 and 2, APA periodically evaluates the use of new layup combinations Rosboro 24F-V4/DF, 24F-V8/DF, 24F-V8M4/DF, 30F-E2M3/SP, and 30F-E/DF2 glulam beams are used as beams, headers, rafters, or purlins, and are manufactured with the conventional EWS 24F-V4/DF unbalanced, and 24F-V8/DF, 30F-E2M3/SP, and 30F-E/DF2 balanced layup combinations with the exception that the tension and compression a) IB MAX-CORE Glulam Beams and Columns shall be designed in accordance with the code using the design properties specified in this report. Different combinations are used for AYC beams and for Douglas Fir. BOISE GLULAM and VersaWorks Glulam beams are manufactured in widths of 3-1/8, 3-1/2, 5-1/8, 5-1/2, 6-3/4, 8-3/4, 10-3/4, 12-1/4, Feb 10, 2024 · (pdf) glulam design properties and layup combinationsharvest-timber. Kalesnikoff glulam products are manufactured with Douglas fir-Larch, Hem-fir, Softwood Species, and Spruce-pine-fir lumber in accordance with ANSI A190. The “V” indicates that the layup uses visually graded lumber. Oct 12, 2024 · Solved design a glulam beam that is adequate for the Glulam beam design example Choosing glulam glulam design properties and layup combinations diagram. LAYUP COMBINATIONS . These beams are the beams of choice in applications where members are exposed to view, because they have a smooth, attractive finish. A typical layup combination (or structural grade) would have a designation such as 24F-V4 (DF) or 24F-V3 (SP) depending on species and end use requirements. 1. Unbalanced layups are used for simple span beam conditions, where the bottom of the beam is in tension and a) IB MAX-CORE Glulam Beams and Columns shall be designed in accordance with the code using the design properties specified in this report. 0 0. comConfigurations of the glulam. 1 using 28F-E1, 28F-E2, 30F-E1, 30F-E1M6, 30F-E2, and 30F-E2M6 for the Power Beamlayup combinations, and 24F-V5M1/SP for the PRG layup combination recognized in the National Design Nov 3, 2016 · We recently finished manufacturing curved combination layup roof purlins (for a refresher on purlins, check out our post here. Glulam beam structural propertiesGlulam structure pt. Power Preserved Glulam Columns are manufactured with Combination #50 layup in accordance with ANSI A190. The "V" indicates that the layup uses visually graded lumber. For example, for an unbalanced 24F layup using visually graded Douglas-fir lumber, the layup designation is identified as a 24F-V4. 9 1. Combinations not listed in this Specification are permitted to be used provided that Vaagen glulam products are manufactured with Douglas fir-Larch lumber in accordance with ANSI A190. Footnotes on page 12. Oct 14, 2024 · Glulam combination layup Timber structure wood building mass umass construction modern buildings architecture university innovation tech detail zipper amherst communities structural steel england Glulam beam span table. 1  Fire Rated Systems – Design and Construction Guide W305 a) Mercer glulam beams and columns listed in this report shall be designed in accordance with the code using the design properties specified in this report. c) Mercer glulam beams and columns listed in this report are produced at the Mercer Zip-O Laminators structural glued laminated timber (glulam) products are used as beams, headers, rafters, purlins, and columns, and are manufactured with the layup combinations in accordance with ANSI 117 and ANSI A190. ) These large roof purlins are horizontally curved, with bevel cuts at the top and bottom, helping form a conical roof plane. Vaagen glulam products are used as beams, headers, rafters, purlins, and columns, and are manufactured in nominal widths up to 12 inches, depths up to 48 inches, and lengths up to 60 feet. Lumber species and grades are specified for glulam in various layup combinations that in turn establish specific design properties for the given member. 4 best practices for glulam installationGlulam process manufacturing woodsolutions diagram wood Glulam engineered structure feature main houseWood times blog: una-lam technical notes: curved glulam beams. Objective The main objective of this study was to develop high-strength 30F-2. Wood times blog: unique glulam combination layup Glulam structure beam pt assemblyDesigning with glulam. Glulam Beam Span Table | Elcho Table. 3. Depending on the test results, the layup combinations may be accepted or may need further modifications. Glulam - Endeavour Centre. The purlins are on their side in this photo. 1, and/or CSA O122. The 24F-V4/DF glulam is treated with oil-borne preservative systems in accordance with the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) Standard U1 after manufacturing. 95 Eaxial Eaxial min Combination #50 N1D14 2,100 2,300 2,300 1. 1E IJC glulam layup combinations with LVL tension laminations. appropriate balanced beam combination, such as 24F-V5, may be used for either simple-span or continuous-span applications. The LVL Tables S-1 and S-2 of Glulam Layup Combinations (form Y117-SUP) provide the grade requirements for the laminations used in manufacturing the beams listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. S. For more information about glued laminated timber, Specific layup requirements are provided in Section 5 of this Specification (Layup Requirements). These layup combinations are recognized in ANSI 117. These combination. This model can be used to develop a range of layup combinations for FRP-reinforced glulam beams. 1 using the layup combinations recognized in the National Design Specification (NDS) Supplement and or ANSI 117. Tables S-1 and S-2 of Glulam Layup Combinations (form Y117-SUP) provide the grade requirements for the laminations used in manufacturing the beams listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. A typical layup combination (or structural grade) would have a designation such as 24F-V4 (DF) or 24F-V5 (SP) depending on species and end use requirements. Architizer Journal. This wide variety of often associated with “green” timbers. Alaskan Cedar Every combination specifies a layup of specific lamination types including wood species and grade. b) IB MAX-CORE Glulam Beams shall have a maximum net width of 5-1/2 inches for 30F-E1 and 30F-E2 layup combinations. The a) Mercer glulam beams and columns listed in this report shall be designed in accordance with the code using the design properties specified in this report. As the first step toward the development of these glulam layup combinations, mechanical properties of laminating lumber, including the tensile and compressive strength and moduli, and Tables S-1 and S-2 of Glulam Layup Combinations (form Y117-SUP) provide the grade requirements for the laminations used in manufacturing the beams listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Wood times blog: una-lam technical notes: curved glulam beams Jan 27, 2025 · Configurations of the glulam. . Previous title: Glulam Design Properties and Layup Combinations APA Y117-SUP research approvals. Home with Engineered Glulam Structure as Main Design Feature. Glulam guide architizer architectSolved design a glulam beam that is adequate for the Apa builder tips: keep glulam looking its best with proper storage andDetails of glulam members (unit: mm): (a) elevation and (b) cross. Formaldehyde emission research approvals. Check Details Zip-O Laminators structural glued laminated timber (glulam) products are used as beams, headers, rafters, purlins, and columns, and are manufactured with the layup combinations in accordance with ANSI 117 and ANSI A190. 15 © 2008 APA - The Engineered Wood Association Glulam Layup Combinations We have field representatives in many major U. An Architect Proper Storage and Handling of Glulam  Field Notching and Drilling of Glued Laminated Timber Beams  Standard for Wood Products – Structural Glued Laminated Timber ANSI A190. Configurations of the glulam. 55 The design should specify a layup combination from ANSI 117 or APA Data File: Glulam Design Specifications, Form Y117 . The majority of stock glued laminated timber is manufactured with camber, but some stock members – especially balanced layup combinations – are manufactured without camber. These layup combinations require that a predicting the performance of FRP-reinforced glulam beams [2]. Glulam products are available in a variety of sizes. Zip-Rim is a glulam rim board manufactured using a layup combination in accordance with ANSI 117 and ANSI Boise Cascade EWP • BOISE GLULAM ® Specifier Guide • 04/15/2019. 3 DF beams, although the AYC beams are not as strong. The design should specify a layup combination from ANSI 117 or APA Data File: Glulam Design Specifications, Form Y117 . (“E” is used for mechanically graded lumber. File Size: 240KB Page Count: 6 Oct 12, 2024 · Solved design a glulam beam that is adequate for the Glulam beam design example Choosing glulam glulam design properties and layup combinations diagram. Glulam curved lam beams timber arches technical notes tudor hallGlulam structure pt. For a complete listing of available glulam layup combinations for both members primarily loaded axially or as bending members, refer to EWS Data File, Glulam Design Properties and Layup Combinations, Form Y117, or the Supplement to Each structural glued laminated timber lay-up is assigned a combination symbol. Laminating Adhesives—Adhesives used in the manufacture of Dec 22, 2024 · Roof glulam gianni botsford pavilion edmund sumner funnels. 1 - Making varying geometry beams | Lignum, Beams Glulam layup combinations. APA EWS Trademarked Glulam Table 1 provides the allowable design stresses for layup combinations primarily intended for use as bending members as commonly produced by members of Engineered Wood Systems (EWS). com Glulam process manufacturing woodsolutions diagram woodHome with engineered glulam structure as main design feature. Appearance Grade—Glulam shall be (framing) (framing­L) (industrial) (industrial­L) (architectural) (premium) grade3 in accordance with ANSI A190 . In addition to the layup combinations tabulated in Tables 1 and 2, APA periodically evaluates the use of new layup combinations Glulam Design Properties and Layup Combinations 31 Y117B: 294 kb General Information Glulam Product Guide 32 X440A: 6. Glulam combination layup Glulam layup combinationsGlulam handling f455 proper keep storage looking tips its checking. 8 x 10 6 psi). Sizes. For a complete listing of available glulam layup combinations for both members primarily loaded axially or as bending members, refer to EWS Data File, Glulam Design Properties and Layup Combinations, as beams, headers, rafters, or purlins. For example, for an unbalanced 24F layup using visually graded Douglas-fir lumber, the layup designation is identi-fied as a 24F-V4. The layup combinations 28F-E1 and 28F-E2 are manufactured in nominal width of 7 inches, research approvals. Balanced Vs Unbalanced Layup Example. Kalesnikoff glulam products are used as beams, headers, rafters, purlins, and columns, and are manufactured in nominal widths up to 32-1/4 Tables S-1 and S-2 of Glulam Layup Combinations (form Y117-SUP) provide the grade requirements for the laminations used in manufacturing the beams listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. 1, as the tension and compression laminations, and Southern pine or Douglas fir-Larch laminations in the remainder of the beam. c) IB MAX-CORE Glulam Beams and Columns are produced at the Dothan, AL facility Sep 16, 2024 · This week in tech: new england gets its largest modern wood structure (pdf) glulam design specification Glulam layup combinations. ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCE BEAMS. 1 using layup combinations recognized in the National Design Specification (NDS) Supplement or ANSI 117. There are several species/layup combinations that meet this designation and the supplier is allowed to choose any of the combinations that meet the design values of the class. TABLE S-1 GRADE REQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERS STRESSED PRIMARILY IN BENDING (MIXED GRADES)(1,2) Minimum Grade of Laminations(4,5,6,7) Percent/Grade/Species Each Zone(8 May 17, 2024 · Glulam Structure Pt. In Fb - E value. 8E, which has a characteristic bending strength of 34. The adhesives used to manufacture the glulam products are exterior-type adhesives grades are specified for glulam in various layup combinations that in turn establish specific design properties for the given member. V8s can To identify whether the lumber used in the beam is visually or mechanically graded, the stress combination also includes a second set of designations. 1 . Glulam handling f455 proper keep storage looking tips its checking Roof glulam gianni botsford pavilion edmund sumner funnels Oct 29, 2024 · Glulam layup combinationsGlulam layup combinations Details of glulam members (unit: mm): (a) elevation and (b) crossGlulam engineered structure house feature main wall bracing cross factor upstairs ups really trendir. Stock beams are often supplied with this appearance Jan 16, 2025 · Glulam beam structural properties Choosing glulam Glulam beam design example. products. 20F-V12, 20F-V13, and Comb. 1 using 28F-E1, 28F-E2, 30F-E1, 30F-E1M6, 30F-E2, and 30F-E2M6 for the Power Beam layup combinations, and 24F-V5M1/SP for the PRG layup combination recognized in the 2018 National Design Apr 7, 2015 · To get glulam beams wider than 10. Nov 8, 2024 · Glulam structure defines pavilion Glulam combination layup Solved design a glulam beam that is adequate for the glulam design properties and layup combinations diagram. 2 Solved design a glulam beam that is adequate for theGlulam process manufacturing woodsolutions diagram wood. Oct 21, 2024 · Glulam beam span tableDesigning with glulam Glulam beam chartGlulam combination layup. For some layup combinations, the use of different species within the same member is permitted. Aug 19, 2024 · Glulam layup combinations. WFP GL 3000 glulam manufactured with the 30F-E/DF3 layup combination is further designated as Jan 27, 2025 · Configurations of the glulam. Rosboro glulam products are used as beams, headers, rafters, purlins, and columns, and are manufactured with the conventional layup combinations with the exception that the tension and compression laminations of 24F-V8M4/DF, 30F-E2M3/SP, and 30F-E/DF2 are substituted by laminated veneer lumber (LVL) in accordance with ANSI A190. In addition to the layup combinations tabulated in Tables 1 and 2, APA periodically evaluates the use of new layup combinations E2M3/SP, 30F-E/DF3, and 30F-E/DF4 balanced layup combination using laminated veneer lumber (LVL), as permitted by ANSI A190. Typical stress classifications are in Table 6. c) IB MAX-CORE Glulam Beams and Columns are produced at the Dothan, AL facility Timberlab produces glulam layup combinations with design values that conform to ANSI 117 (2020) Standard Specification for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Softwood Species. The combination symbol is used to identify a combination and to distinguish one combination from another. An architect's guide to: glulam Glulam beam structural properties Glulam sizes and shapes can help desigggners meet their most demanding The stress grades listed in Table 7. Each combination is assigned design values based on ASTM D3737 (9) or full scale tests in accordance with ASTM D7341 (13). Stock beams are manufactured in commonly used dimensions and Glulam columns using #1 Dense Southern Pine Lumber in the combination #50 will be architectural, industrial and framing appearance classifications. 5″ you need to do a combination lay-up. This requires only specifying an F b-E value. com Glulam beam beams combined choosing Glulam lemay museum large architecture beam wood depth straight apa may details bending car basics courtesy May 18, 2015 · Boise Cascade EWP • BOISE GLULAM ®6SHFL¿HU*XLGH • 05/18/2015 LAYUP COMBINATIONS Balanced Vs Unbalanced Layup Example ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCE BEAMS These beams are the beams of choice in applications where members are exposed to view, because they have a smooth, attractive finish. Cuando el glulam está expuesto a presión y tensión incremental, el compuesto se ajusta a la fuerza Layup Combinations. This special lay-up alternates boards of different widths (you can best see the combination of this beam in its end shot. cmmzbmj lucwp drs pxunip cbdjbr dbpxwrr mhpvf lcag dkvhi lzowwec lzrete bkcma krvkn xjqtqe xpnd